TO THE QUESTION ABOUT EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG SPECIALISTS IN RURAL AREAS: SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW

Abstract

Today in the Russian Federation there is a problem that is associated with the employment of young people in rural areas. Every year, our country's universities graduate several thousand specialists in various fields. The tense situation prevailing in the rural labor market leads to widespread fears of rural workers to lose their jobs, which destabilizes the already existing situation in the countryside. Despite certain advances in solving the problems of employment in rural areas, it remains acute, given the lack of credibility of information on employment levels and unemployment.

It is important to understand that it is rather difficult for a young person to acquire the status of a young specialist, since he faces a large range of problems in the labor market. Mostly, these are the difficulties associated with the search (including due to the infantilism of young people) with work experience, which employers pay particular attention to. This is the problem of employer perception of the status of "bachelor", as well as the problem of the imbalance of supply and demand in the labor market (there is a mismatch between what specialties are currently needed in the labor market and what areas of training institutions of higher education are implementing).

The article provides a sociological assessment of the process of employment of young specialists with higher education in rural areas, who have worked in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex for more than one year. On the basis of a pilot survey conducted in June-July 2018, a descriptive analyst of various fragments of professional adaptation of young specialists in the rural areas is given.

The various types of social and labor mobility of young professionals of the highest qualification of the agrarian profile are considered, in particular, the scale of migration and employment depending on the place of residence prior to enrollment in a higher educational institution. The main channels of employment, as well as the motivational structure of inclusion in labor activity are indicated. The satisfaction of young specialists with the content and conditions of their professional activities is evaluated.

A brief analysis of the main socio-economic problems that hamper the initiative setting on rural employment is given. Status motivation is one of the aspects of choosing a young specialist long-term employment. It is important for young specialists to recognize their work as part of their agro-specialization. Negative impact on the employment of young people in rural areas is infringed upon in the living conditions of life, the communal lack of living conditions in rural areas, the limited nature and low level of services provided. Therefore, working in the countryside has become a non-prestigious occupation.

Thus, various indicators of satisfaction with their work and the conditions of its implementation contribute to a greater understanding of the problem of employment of young specialists in agriculture.